PCR
In PCR, two primers are required for a start and stop sequence
to amplify the DNA
strand.
DNA
polymerase needs to be stable at high temperatures and hence thermostable
enzyme from T. aquaticus is used. The mixture is heated to below 100°C.
DNA
polymerase causes synthesis of DNA between two primers
Reverse transcriptase PCR
is used to amplify RNA, whilst conventional PCR is used to
amplify DNA
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at
nucleotide sequences specific
to each restriction enzyme. HindIII and EcoRI are examples of restriction enzymes
DNA ligase and
polymerase are involved
in joining and linking DNA together.
Plasmids are
circular molecules of bacterial DNA separate from the bacterial
chromosome. They are usually
small, consisting of a few
thousand base pairs. They carry one of
a few genes and have a single origin of
replication.
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