Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome is due to meningococcal septicaemia resulting in adrenal haemorrhagic insufficiency. Symptoms and signs include hypotension, abdominal pain, hyponatremia. The progression is rapid. There may also be disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with this syndrome. If this condition is not treated promptly then mortality approaches 100%.

The treatment is as that for meningococcal infection, but with the addition of adrenal support with hydrocortisone, given intravenously in a dose of 200 mg per four hours.